أهداف الدرس
- I can explain the difference between the present perfect simple and continuous in the printed examples.
- I can use the printed time expressions in personal answers.
- I can compare and contrast ideas with the connectors in the lesson.
الشرح خطوة بخطوة
الموضع محفوظ على هذا الجهاز.
المقطع 1 من 2Grammar: Present perfect simple and continuous Grammar reference page 621:36
مقاطع الدرس
0 من 2 مكتملGrammar: Present perfect simple and continuous Grammar reference page 62(ص 17)
- a Mishari has studied law and history this year.
- Mishari has been studying law and history for four years.
- b Lamia has written two essays this morning.
- Lamia has been writing an essay all morning.
- c The police have interviewed two people so far today.
- The police have been interviewing people all week.
In pair b, “has written two essays” emphasises the completed result. “Has been writing an essay all morning” emphasises the activity and its duration; it does not state that the essay is finished.(ص 17)
In pair c, “have interviewed two people so far today” gives a result up to now. “Have been interviewing people all week” emphasises an activity repeated over a period of time.(ص 17)
- a What have you done so far this week?
- I’ve played tennis three times. / I’ve …
- b What are some of the things you’ve been doing for a length of time?
- I’ve been playing the piano. / I’ve been …
- c How long have you been doing these things?
- I’ve been playing the piano since I was 13 / for 3 years. / I’ve been …
Comparative and contrastive connectors Grammar reference page 62(ص 17)
- a Instead of becoming a lawyer, like his father, he chose to become a policeman.
- b In comparison with other careers, the legal profession can be quite stressful.
- c Policemen earn a modest wage. On the other hand, lawyers are often well paid.
- In sentence 3a the writer is comparing the career choice of a son compared with that of his father.
Policemen arrest criminals, whereas lawyers prosecute criminals.
Instead of prosecuting criminals, like lawyers, policemen arrest criminals.
Policemen carry handcuffs, but lawyers carry briefcases.
Policemen have to be very fit, whereas lawyers have to be very intelligent.
Policemen are paid by the government. On the other hand, lawyers are paid by their clients.
الملخص
- The simple form can emphasise a completed result.
- The continuous form can emphasise activity and duration.
- For introduces a period; since introduces a starting point.
- Whereas and but can connect contrasting clauses.
- Instead of is followed by an ing form in the printed model.
الأفكار الرئيسية
- Read the verb form together with its time expression.
- Name the two ideas before choosing a connector.
الأسئلة المهمة
What does Lamia has written two essays emphasise?
A completed result: two essays.
الكتاب صفحة 17
Does Lamia has been writing an essay all morning state that it is finished?
No. It emphasises the activity and its duration.
الكتاب صفحة 17
Which printed expression gives a starting point?
since I was 13
الكتاب صفحة 17
What is compared in sentence 3b?
The legal profession and other careers, in relation to stress.
الكتاب صفحة 17
What form follows instead of in the printed model?
The ing form prosecuting.
الكتاب صفحة 17
اختبار الدرس
أجب ثم اضغط «صحّح» لترى درجتك وتفسير كل إجابة.
الواجب
أسئلة تطبيقية لتحلها في البيت. يمكنك طباعتها من الأعلى.
مصطلحات الدرس
- present perfect simple
- A form using have or has and a past participle. Example: Lamia has written two essays this morning.
- present perfect continuous
- A form using have or has been and an ing form. Example: Lamia has been writing an essay all morning.
- whereas
- A connector joining contrasting clauses. Example: Policemen arrest criminals, whereas lawyers prosecute criminals.
تمارين الكتاب كاملة
كل سؤال ونشاط وتمرين ورد في صفحات هذا الدرس، بنصه وإجابته النموذجية. 5 تمرينًا.
1What is the difference in meaning between the underlined verbs in these pairs of sentences? a Mishari has studied law and history this year. Mishari has been studying law and history for four years. b Lamia has written two essays this morning. Lamia has been writing an essay all morning. c The police have interviewed two people so far today. The police have been interviewing people all week.(ص 17)
a The simple form states study during this year; the continuous form emphasises the activity continuing for four years. b The simple form emphasises two completed essays; the continuous form emphasises writing all morning without stating completion. c The simple form gives the result of two interviews so far today; the continuous form emphasises repeated interviewing over the week.
2Write two different answers to each of these questions. a What have you done so far this week? I’ve played tennis three times. / I’ve … b What are some of the things you’ve been doing for a length of time? I’ve been playing the piano. / I’ve been … c How long have you been doing these things? I’ve been playing the piano since I was 13 / for 3 years. / I’ve been …(ص 17)
Personal answers vary. a Follow I’ve + past participle and give two truthful completed activities. b Give two truthful activities using I’ve been + ing. c Give the corresponding durations or starting points using for or since. The printed models are retained; the student supplies personal details.
3Which words or phrases in these sentences are used to compare or contrast two things, people or situations? a Instead of becoming a lawyer, like his father, he chose to become a policeman. b In comparison with other careers, the legal profession can be quite stressful. c Policemen earn a modest wage. On the other hand, lawyers are often well paid.(ص 17)
a Instead of; like. b In comparison with. c On the other hand.
4What is being compared or contrasted in each of the sentences in exercise 3 above? In sentence 3a the writer is comparing the career choice of a son compared with that of his father.(ص 17)
a In sentence 3a the writer is comparing the career choice of a son compared with that of his father. b The legal profession is compared with other careers in relation to stress. c Policemen’s wages are contrasted with lawyers’ pay.
5Write sentences contrasting or comparing the information in these lists. Use the words and phrases: on the other hand, instead of, in comparison, but, whereas Policemen — Lawyers a arrest criminals — prosecute criminals b carry handcuffs — carry briefcases c have to be very fit — have to be very intelligent d are paid by the government — are paid by their clients Policemen arrest criminals, whereas lawyers prosecute criminals. Instead of prosecuting criminals, like lawyers, policemen arrest criminals.(ص 17)
a Policemen arrest criminals, whereas lawyers prosecute criminals. Instead of prosecuting criminals, like lawyers, policemen arrest criminals. b Policemen carry handcuffs, but lawyers carry briefcases. c Policemen have to be very fit, whereas lawyers have to be very intelligent. d Policemen are paid by the government. On the other hand, lawyers are paid by their clients. The two answers for a are printed models; b–d are possible completions using the supplied information.
صفحات الكتاب
صفحات هذا الدرس من كتاب الطالب الرسمي كما هي، صفحات 17 إلى 17.
