أهداف الدرس
- I can make new terms by combining two independent words (compounding).
- I can make new words by adding the suffixes -ion, -or, -ant and -al.
- I can choose which of two meanings fits a word in italics in a sentence.
- I can read aloud words that have more than one meaning and more than one pronunciation.
- I can use the Words to remember of this unit in sentences of my own.
الشرح خطوة بخطوة
الموضع محفوظ على هذا الجهاز.
المقطع 1 من 3Vocabulary: Derivatives and compound nouns3:15
لا يوجد صوت عربي على هذا الجهاز. الشرح الصوتي المسجّل سيتوفر لهذا الدرس قريبًا
مقاطع الدرس
0 من 3 مكتملVocabulary: Derivatives and compound nouns(ص 24)
- Exercise 1a — Make new terms by combining words from the two lists (list 1: lunch, birth, tea, grand, fire, neck, free; list 2: father, works, day, time, lace, lance, pot):
- a lunch + time = lunchtime (given in the book)
- b birth + day = birthday
- c tea + pot = teapot
- d grand + father = grandfather
- e fire + works = fireworks
- f neck + lace = necklace
- g free + lance = freelance
- Exercise 1b — Make new words by adding these suffixes (-ion, -or, -ant or -al) to the following:
- celebrate → celebration (given in the book)
- decorate → decoration / decorator
- congratulate → congratulation
- collect → collection / collector
- participate → participation / participant
- arrive → arrival
- invite → invitation
- visit → visitor
Words with more than one meaning(ص 24)
- Exercise 2 — answers:
- a The head of the clan has five sons. head: 1 part of the body / 2 leader, most important person → 2
- b He comes from a very upper class family. class: 1 social group / 2 group of students who learn together → 1
- c I've eaten as much as I can – I'll have to leave the rest. rest: 1 part of something that is left / 2 period of relaxation → 1
- d They live a very simple life. simple: 1 easy, not difficult / 2 natural, not complicated → 2
- e Swimming is a form of exercise. form: 1 style; kind / 2 written document with spaces to write in → 1
Pronunciation: Same word - different pronunciation(ص 24)
- Exercise 3a — 'close' has two pronunciations:
- I live close to the city centre. → close is an adjective meaning 'near', and the s is pronounced /s/.
- Please close the door. → close is a verb meaning 'shut', and the s is pronounced /z/.
- Exercise 3b — Now read these sentences. Think carefully about the words in bold:
- 1 My grandparents have an old clock which they wind up every week. → wind = verb, rhymes with 'find'.
- 2 My penfriend lives in Paris. → lives = verb, short i, rhymes with 'gives'.
- 3 The actor had to desert the stage when the fire started. → desert = verb 'to leave', stress on the second syllable.
- 4 There was a strong wind last night. → wind = noun, short i, rhymes with 'tinned'.
- 5 Children have happy lives. → lives = plural noun of 'life', rhymes with 'knives'.
- 6 The interior of Iceland is a desert of ice. → desert = noun 'dry empty land', stress on the first syllable.
الملخص
- Compounding makes a new word by joining two independent words: grand + mother = grandmother.
- The compounds on this page are lunchtime, birthday, teapot, grandfather, fireworks, necklace and freelance.
- A suffix is a dependent unit added at the end of a word: -ion, -or, -ant, -al.
- Verbs ending in silent -e drop it before the suffix: celebrate → celebration, arrive → arrival.
- One English word can have two meanings, and only the sentence tells you which one fits.
- Some words have two pronunciations: close, wind, lives and desert change with their meaning and word class.
- The Words to remember of this page are breathing space, clan, desert, interior, well-deserved and wind up.
الأفكار الرئيسية
- English builds new words in two main ways on this page: joining two words together, and adding a suffix to the end of one word.
- Meaning is decided by context: the words around a word tell you which of its meanings is being used.
- When a word changes its word class (verb or noun), its pronunciation may change too.
الأسئلة المهمة
What is compounding, and give the book's own example.
Compounding is combining two independent words to make a new term. The book's example is grandmother (grand + mother).
الكتاب صفحة 24
Make compound nouns from: birth, tea, fire, neck, free.
birthday, teapot, fireworks, necklace, freelance.
الكتاب صفحة 24
What is a suffix? Add the right suffix to arrive, invite and visit.
A suffix is a dependent unit added at the end of a word, e.g. -ion in attention. arrive → arrival, invite → invitation, visit → visitor.
الكتاب صفحة 24
In 'The head of the clan has five sons', which meaning of 'head' is used, and why?
Meaning 2: leader, most important person. A clan is a group of people, and a group has a leader, not a body part.
الكتاب صفحة 24
How is 'close' pronounced differently in 'I live close to the city centre' and 'Please close the door'?
In the first sentence it is an adjective meaning 'near' and ends with an /s/ sound. In the second it is a verb meaning 'shut' and ends with a /z/ sound.
الكتاب صفحة 24
Explain the difference in pronunciation between 'wind' in sentence 1 and 'wind' in sentence 4.
In 'they wind up the clock' it is a verb and rhymes with 'find'. In 'a strong wind last night' it is a noun (moving air) with a short i sound.
الكتاب صفحة 24
Give the six Words to remember on this page.
breathing space, clan, desert, interior, well-deserved, wind up.
الكتاب صفحة 24
اختبار الدرس
أجب ثم اضغط «صحّح» لترى درجتك وتفسير كل إجابة.
الواجب
أسئلة تطبيقية لتحلها في البيت. يمكنك طباعتها من الأعلى.
مصطلحات الدرس
- compounding
- making a new word by combining two independent words. Example: grand + mother = grandmother.
- suffix
- a dependent unit added at the end of a word to make a new word. Example: -ion in attention.
- freelance
- working for different companies rather than for one employer. Example: He works freelance as a photographer.
- clan
- a large family group whose members are related to one another. Example: The head of the clan has five sons.
- breathing space
- a short period of rest before doing more. Example: We gave her some breathing space.
- desert
- as a noun, dry empty land; as a verb, to leave a place or a person. Example: The interior of Iceland is a desert of ice. / The actor had to desert the stage.
- interior
- the inside part of something. Example: The interior of Iceland is a desert of ice.
- well-deserved
- fully earned by hard work or effort. Example: a well-deserved prize.
- wind up
- to turn a key or handle so that a clock or a toy will work. Example: They wind up the old clock every week.
تمارين الكتاب كاملة
كل سؤال ونشاط وتمرين ورد في صفحات هذا الدرس، بنصه وإجابته النموذجية. 7 تمرينًا.
Vocabulary — Exercise 1a (compounding)Note: There are various ways to make new words in English. One of them is compounding, i.e. combining two independent words, e.g. grandmother. Make new terms by combining words from the two lists. a lunch | father → lunchtime b birth | works c tea | day d grand | time e fire | lace f neck | lance g free | pot(ص 24)
a lunchtime (given in the book) b birthday c teapot d grandfather e fireworks f necklace g freelance Note: the two lists are not in the same order, so read the whole of the second list before you choose, and use each word once only.
Vocabulary — Exercise 1b (suffixes)Another way to make new words is by adding a suffix, i.e. a dependent unit at the end of the words, e.g. -ion in attention. Make new words by adding these suffixes: (-ion, -or, -ant or -al) to the following. celebrate, decorate, congratulate, collect, participate, arrive, invite, visit → celebration ......(ص 24)
celebrate → celebration (given in the book) decorate → decoration / decorator congratulate → congratulation collect → collection / collector participate → participation / participant arrive → arrival invite → invitation visit → visitor Note: verbs ending in a silent -e drop it before -ion and -al (celebrate → celebration, arrive → arrival), and 'invite' becomes 'invitation'.
Words with more than one meaning — Exercise 2Which of the two meanings fits the words in italics in these sentences? a The head of the clan has five sons. head: 1 part of the body 2 leader, most important person b He comes from a very upper class family. class: 1 social group 2 group of students who learn together c I've eaten as much as I can – I'll have to leave the rest. rest: 1 part of something that is left 2 period of relaxation d They live a very simple life. simple: 1 easy, not difficult 2 natural, not complicated e Swimming is a form of exercise. form: 1 style; kind 2 written document with spaces to write in(ص 24)
a 2 (leader, most important person) b 1 (social group) c 1 (part of something that is left) d 2 (natural, not complicated) e 1 (style; kind) Note: the words around each italic word decide the meaning — a clan has a leader, an upper class family belongs to society, the rest of the food is what is left on the plate, a simple life is uncomplicated, and swimming is a kind of exercise.
Words to remember (box)Words to remember: breathing space, clan, desert, interior, well-deserved, wind up.(ص 24)
breathing space = a short period of rest; clan = a large family group; desert = dry empty land (noun) or to leave (verb); interior = the inside part; well-deserved = fully earned; wind up = to turn the key of a clock so that it works. Learn them with a sentence each, because they appear in the reading and listening of this unit.
Pronunciation — Exercise 3a (close)Some words have more than one meaning and pronunciation. a Read these two sentences aloud. How did you pronounce close? I live close to the city centre. Please close the door.(ص 24)
In 'I live close to the city centre', close is an adjective meaning 'near' and is pronounced with an /s/ sound. In 'Please close the door', close is a verb meaning 'shut' and is pronounced with a /z/ sound. Note: the meaning and the word class change together with the pronunciation.
Pronunciation — Exercise 3b (words in bold)Now read these sentences. Think carefully about the words in bold. 1 My grandparents have an old clock which they wind up every week. 2 My penfriend lives in Paris. 3 The actor had to desert the stage when the fire started. 4 There was a strong wind last night. 5 Children have happy lives. 6 The interior of Iceland is a desert of ice.(ص 24)
1 wind (up) = verb, the same vowel sound as 'find'. 2 lives = verb, short i, the same sound as 'gives'. 3 desert = verb meaning 'to leave', stress on the second syllable: de-SERT. 4 wind = noun meaning 'moving air', short i. 5 lives = plural noun of 'life', the same vowel sound as 'knives'. 6 desert = noun meaning 'dry empty land', stress on the first syllable: DE-sert. Note: ask yourself first whether the word is a verb or a noun in the sentence; the answer decides the pronunciation.
Pronunciation — Exercise 3c (2.2 Listen)(2.2) Listen. Did you pronounce the words correctly?(ص 24)
Listen to track 2.2 and compare it with your own reading of the six sentences. Check three things: the vowel in 'wind' and 'lives', the stress in 'desert', and the final sound of 'close'. Repeat each sentence after the recording until your pronunciation matches it.
صفحات الكتاب
صفحات هذا الدرس من كتاب الطالب الرسمي كما هي، صفحات 24 إلى 24.
