أهداف الدرس
- I can explain the meaning of the phrasal verbs go out, go on, go off, go away, go up and go without.
- I can use these phrasal verbs to answer the book's questions about fires, alarms, prices and food.
- I can complete a parts-of-speech table with the noun, verb, adjective and adverb forms of a word.
- I can explain what elision is and find the letters that a speaker does not pronounce.
- I can use the unit's new words: bagpipes, carnival, celebratory, display, festivity, hire, preoccupied, take part in.
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المقطع 1 من 4Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs with go2:26
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مقاطع الدرس
0 من 4 مكتملVocabulary: Phrasal verbs with go(ص 18)
The book starts with one short definition: **phrasal verbs combine a verb with a preposition**. The Grammar File adds the form and the meaning: the form is **go + adverb / preposition**, and the meaning of the whole phrase is often completely different from the meaning of 'go' on its own. That is why you must learn a phrasal verb as one single item, like one new word.(ص 18)
- The six phrasal verbs of exercise 1a and their meanings:
- 1 The lights went out and everything was completely black. → go out = stop shining or burning
- 2 This went on for about ten minutes. → go on = continue
- 3 When the fire bell went off, the students had to leave the classroom. → go off = start ringing or making a loud noise suddenly
- 4 My family's going away for two weeks in the summer. → go away = leave home to spend time in another place
- 5 The price of bread has gone up again. → go up = increase, become higher
- 6 I got up late, so I had to go without breakfast this morning. → go without = live or manage without something you need or want
Exercise 1b asks you to think of possible answers with a partner. Model answers: (1) Fires go out when they have no more oxygen or no more fuel, or when water is poured on them. (2) Car alarms go off when somebody touches or moves the car, or when the sensor is too sensitive. (3) Prices go up when a product is rare or when demand is high, and they go down when there is a lot of it or when shops have a sale. (4) If you go without food, you feel weak, hungry and unable to concentrate.(ص 18)
Parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb(ص 18)
Exercise 2 gives you a table with four columns — **Noun**, **Verb**, **Adjective**, **Adverb** — and asks you to fill in the correct form of the word. English builds these forms with endings: -tion and -ity and -ance make nouns, -ate makes verbs, -ory and -ed and -ful and -al and -ant make adjectives, and -ly makes adverbs. Some rows have three dots ( … ) in one cell, which means that form is not used.(ص 18)
- The completed table (Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb):
- celebration | celebrate | celebratory | …
- festivity | … | festive | festively
- crowd | crowd | crowded | …
- joy | … | joyful | joyfully
- occasion | occasion | occasional | occasionally
- extravagance | … | extravagant | extravagantly
Pronunciation: Elision(ص 18)
The book explains **elision** in one sentence: when people speak quickly, they join words together, and sometimes two sounds become one. In the recording (1.1) you read five sentences, then listen and write the two words that the speaker joins together, and say which letters you cannot hear. The sounds that disappear most often are /t/ and /d/ when they come between two other consonants.(ص 18)
- The five sentences and the joined words (exercise 3):
- a We want(ed) to go to Scotland for Hogmanay. → wanted + to; you cannot hear the -ed sound, so it sounds like 'wanto'
- b We couldn't afford to fly to the carnival this year. → couldn't + afford; you cannot hear the t of 'couldn't'
- c Everybody got off at the next station. → next + station; you cannot hear the t of 'next'
- d I didn't want to wait two hours for the firework display. → didn't + want; you cannot hear the t of 'didn't'
- e The children danced down some stairs to the stage. → danced + down; you cannot hear the -ed sound at the end of 'danced'
Words to remember(ص 18)
الملخص
- A phrasal verb combines a verb with a preposition, and its meaning is often different from the verb on its own.
- go out = stop burning; go on = continue; go off = start ringing suddenly; go away = leave for another place; go up = increase; go without = manage without something.
- The parts-of-speech table shows the noun, verb, adjective and adverb forms of the same word family.
- Some word families have no adverb (celebration, crowd) and some have no verb (festivity, joy, extravagance).
- Elision means that when people speak quickly they join words together and a sound disappears.
- The sounds that usually disappear are /t/ and /d/, as in wanted to, couldn't afford, next station and danced down.
الأفكار الرئيسية
- Learn a phrasal verb as one whole item, because 'go' plus a preposition makes a completely new meaning.
- Word families let you change one word into four parts of speech, which is what the exam table tests.
- Elision is a normal feature of fast, natural English, not a mistake.
الأسئلة المهمة
What is a phrasal verb, and give three examples with 'go' from the lesson.
A phrasal verb combines a verb with a preposition, and the whole phrase has a new meaning. Examples: the lights went out (stopped shining), this went on for ten minutes (continued), and the price of bread has gone up (increased).
الكتاب صفحة 18
What is the difference in meaning between 'go off' and 'go out'?
'go off' means to start ringing or making a loud noise suddenly, as in: When the fire bell went off, the students had to leave the classroom. 'go out' means to stop shining or burning, as in: The lights went out and everything was completely black.
الكتاب صفحة 18
Complete the word family: celebration, ......, ......, and say which form does not exist.
The verb is 'celebrate' and the adjective is 'celebratory'. The book marks the adverb with three dots, which means this word family has no adverb in normal use.
الكتاب صفحة 18
Give the noun and the adjective that belong with the adverb 'festively'.
The noun is 'festivity' and the adjective is 'festive'; this word family has no verb, which is why the book puts three dots in the verb column.
الكتاب صفحة 18
What is elision? Explain it with one example from the book.
Elision is what happens when people speak quickly: they join words together and sometimes two sounds become one, so a letter is not heard. For example, in 'We wanted to go to Scotland' the -ed of 'wanted' disappears and the two words sound like one: 'wanto'.
الكتاب صفحة 18
Why do prices go up or go down? (Exercise 1b, book)
Prices go up when a product becomes rare or when many people want it, and they go down when there is a large amount of it or when shops offer discounts, as happens during the Hala February Festival.
الكتاب صفحة 18
اختبار الدرس
أجب ثم اضغط «صحّح» لترى درجتك وتفسير كل إجابة.
الواجب
أسئلة تطبيقية لتحلها في البيت. يمكنك طباعتها من الأعلى.
مصطلحات الدرس
- go out
- to stop shining or burning. Example: The lights went out and everything was completely black.
- go off
- to start ringing or making a loud noise suddenly. Example: When the fire bell went off, the students had to leave the classroom.
- go without
- to manage without something that you need or want. Example: I had to go without breakfast this morning.
- bagpipes
- a Scottish musical instrument that you blow into. Example: I could hear the sound of bagpipes in Edinburgh.
- carnival
- a public festival with music, dancing and a procession. Example: We couldn't afford to fly to the carnival this year.
- display
- a show of something arranged for people to look at. Example: I didn't want to wait two hours for the firework display.
- festivity
- the activities and enjoyment of a happy special occasion. Example: the world-famous Hogmanay festivities.
- hire
- to pay money to use something for a short time. Example: I can't drive, so I didn't hire a car.
- preoccupied
- thinking about something so much that you do not notice other things. Example: They are quite preoccupied today.
- take part in
- to join an activity together with other people. Example: It was the most fantastic event I've ever taken part in.
تمارين الكتاب كاملة
كل سؤال ونشاط وتمرين ورد في صفحات هذا الدرس، بنصه وإجابته النموذجية. 5 تمرينًا.
Vocabulary — Exercise 1a (phrasal verbs with go)Phrasal verbs combine a verb with a preposition. Look up in the glossary / dictionary the meanings of the verbs in italics. 1 The lights went out and everything was completely black. 2 This went on for about ten minutes. 3 When the fire bell went off, the students had to leave the classroom. 4 My family's going away for two weeks in the summer. 5 The price of bread has gone up again. 6 I got up late, so I had to go without breakfast this morning.(ص 18)
1 go out = to stop shining or burning. 2 go on = to continue. 3 go off = to start ringing or making a loud noise suddenly. 4 go away = to leave home to spend time in another place. 5 go up = to increase, to become higher. 6 go without = to manage or live without something you need or want. Note: write the meaning next to each sentence, and keep the whole phrasal verb together as one item.
Vocabulary — Exercise 1b (pair work)Work in pairs. Think of possible answers to these questions. 1 Why do fires go out? 2 What makes car alarms go off? 3 Why do prices go up or go down? 4 What happens if you go without food?(ص 18)
1 Fires go out when there is no more oxygen or no more fuel, or when someone pours water on them. 2 Car alarms go off when somebody touches, moves or hits the car, or when the sensor is very sensitive. 3 Prices go up when a product is rare or when many people want it; they go down when there is a lot of it or when shops offer discounts. 4 If you go without food, you feel weak and hungry, you cannot concentrate, and after a long time your health suffers. Note: open answers; the important thing is to use the phrasal verb correctly inside a full sentence.
Parts of speech — Exercise 2 (fill in the table)Fill in the table with the correct form of the word (Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb). celebration | celebrate | celebratory | … ...... | … | ...... | festively ...... | ...... | crowded | … ...... | … | ...... | joyfully ...... | ...... | occasional | ...... extravagance | … | ...... | ......(ص 18)
Row 1: celebration | celebrate | celebratory | … (no adverb) Row 2: festivity | … (no verb) | festive | festively Row 3: crowd | crowd | crowded | … (no adverb) Row 4: joy | … (no verb) | joyful | joyfully Row 5: occasion | occasion | occasional | occasionally Row 6: extravagance | … (no verb) | extravagant | extravagantly Note: the three dots in the book mean that this form is not used; 'crowd' has the same spelling as a noun and as a verb, and the verb 'occasion' (to cause) is rare.
Pronunciation — Exercise 3 (Elision, recording 1.1)When people speak quickly, they join words together. Sometimes two sounds become one. Read these sentences, then listen. Write the two words the speaker joins together. Which letters can't you hear? a We want(ed) to go to Scotland for Hogmanay. b We couldn't afford to fly to the carnival this year. c Everybody got off at the next station. d I didn't want to wait two hours for the firework display. e The children danced down some stairs to the stage.(ص 18)
a wanted + to; the -ed sound is not heard, so it sounds like 'wanto'. b couldn't + afford; the t of couldn't is not heard. c next + station; the t of next is not heard. d didn't + want; the t of didn't is not heard. e danced + down; the -ed sound (/t/) at the end of danced is not heard. Note: in every sentence the sound that disappears is /t/ or /d/ standing between two other consonants.
Pronunciation — Exercise 4 (listen and repeat, recording 1.1)Listen again and repeat the sentences.(ص 18)
Practical activity: play the recording, listen to the joined words, then say each sentence at normal speed. Say 'wanto' instead of 'wanted to', 'nexstation' instead of 'next station', and 'dansdown' instead of 'danced down'. Note: the aim is fluency, so repeat each sentence three or four times until it sounds natural.
صفحات الكتاب
صفحات هذا الدرس من كتاب الطالب الرسمي كما هي، صفحات 18 إلى 18.
